When snakes change their skin season ⋆ Online magazine for women

I just want to add a phrase here to give it to lovers of fashionable wallets.

Yes, it’s true, the snake takes off its own skin, and if anyone has ever observed this in nature, they will say that the process of getting rid of old skin from a snake is like something out of a horror movie.

Wriggling, she tears her own skin near her mouth and on her head, inflicting wounds on herself, then with her torn skin she clings to some twig or sharp stone and crawls out of her skin, leaving it turned inside out, as if it were a child’s stocking.

At the same time, the snake wriggles in such a way that it seems to the uninitiated viewer that it is experiencing unbearable pain. We don’t know whether a snake shedding its skin feels pain, most likely not, skin replacement is a natural physiological process, compare molting in animals, nature probably saved the snake from unpleasant sensations.

So why do snakes perform this terrible ritual on themselves? That's the whole point. that the snake is growing, and its skin is like clothing, it becomes tight for it

. It rubs and wears from crawling on the ground, protecting the snake's delicate body from wounds as it crawls. New skin grows under the old skin and therefore the snake sheds it.

At a young age, snakes grow quickly, which means they are more often forced to get rid of the old skin that has become tight to them. And let animal lovers not be angry, the snake itself gives leather for wallets to lovers of all things extravagant. Is not it .

PS Just for fun

My dear, give me money for peeling!
What is peeling?
This is when you remove the old skin, and underneath it there is a new one - smooth and beautiful!
And I always thought that you snakes shed for free!

They say that the biblical serpent was very sorry when he tempted Adam and Eve with an apple.

Why?
After Eve took a bite of the apple, she saw in the Snake not only an animal, but also a belt, a wallet and a handbag.

Today, many lovers of exotic animals keep snakes as pets. Such a pet requires the owner to have some knowledge about the pet’s lifestyle and life cycle, for example, about the molting process. What reasons prompt reptiles to shed their skin and how this happens - we’ll talk in this article.

How to prepare for dropping

Reptiles, sensing the approaching molting process, try to get enough first. This is necessary because shedding the skin takes a long time and a lot of energy. The reptile cannot hunt during preparation and molting itself: it sees and smells poorly, experiences weakness, and has no appetite.

This condition makes the animal extremely vulnerable to natural enemies, so it tries to find a secluded place while peeling.

Depending on the species, reptiles can be dangerous, aggressive and attack anything that seems a threat to them. This applies most of all to poisonous species.

Stages of physiological preparation for skin shedding:

Within 2–4 days, the scutes on the belly turn pale.
In about 5–7 days, the mucous membrane of the eye becomes cloudy, turning a milky bluish color. During this period, vision declines significantly.
The eyes gradually become clearer.
The pallor of the abdominal scutes disappears.

The entire preparation process takes about 12 days.
Then comes the peeling itself. Did you know?
Based on the found intact old reptile skin and the pattern of scales, one can easily determine what species of snake it belonged to.

How to restore the skin of your face and hands after childbirth?

It will take a lot of time to restore your skin after childbirth. You can wait until the body recovers on its own and the problem resolves on its own. But you can also speed up the recovery process.

Dry skin is prevented by:

A balanced diet high in nutrients (allowed vegetables, fruits, cereals, etc.);
Get enough sleep. If the baby does not sleep at night, then the mother needs to sleep with him during the day, thereby gaining lost hours of sleep;
Cosmetic skin care procedures. If the skin is not moisturized, cleansed and nourished, it will soon become flabby and lack elasticity;
Drinking water in required quantities. During lactation , you should drink at least 2 liters of pure water without gas daily. Tea and coffee are not recommended;
Walks every day. Fresh air is good not only for the baby, but also for the condition of the mother’s skin. Even in cities where you can’t breathe from car exhaust fumes, you can find time for a healthy walk;
Vitamin complexes for women during lactation. However, before you start taking the drug, you should consult your doctor.

Follow these recommendations, and within a couple of weeks you will see improvements in the condition of your skin.

How does she do it

The entire procedure for shedding the old skin takes from half an hour to several hours. As the cells of the new skin divide, the old layer begins to stretch and crack in the muzzle area. The reptile helps him to tear himself apart by rubbing against existing rough surfaces - stones, snags. When the dead layer has opened sufficiently from the side of the head, the reptile begins to wriggle, rub against the roughness, gradually crawling out of the “old clothes”. It is noteworthy that the old layer is turned inside out, like a stocking. Usually the “creep” remains intact, but in very large individuals there may be ruptures.

Important!
If shedding occurs in pieces and not as a whole skin, it means that the animal has health problems and urgently needs to be shown to a doctor.
In the video below you can see how the process of replacing old skin with a new layer occurs.

Video: how a snake sheds its skin

When and how often

As mentioned above, this process is a normal biological phenomenon. The frequency of shedding depends on the following factors:

The first peeling, depending on the method of reproduction of the reptile, occurs at the age of 7–14 days. Subsequent renewals of the skin occur approximately once a month. As you grow older, the interval between procedures increases: once every 3 months, once every six months. Old individuals molt once every 1.5–2 years.

Important!
During the period of skin renewal, the owner of a pet snake has increased responsibility, since the pet requires increased care.
In conclusion: shedding the skin is one of the important stages in the life of reptiles, established by nature. During this period, the reptile is vulnerable, but can also be dangerous, especially if it is poisonous.

I'm exploring the world. Snakes, crocodiles, turtles Semenov Dmitry

How a snake changes its skin

People who change their appearance are sometimes compared to a snake changing its skin. In reality, snakes, like other reptiles, do not change their skin, but periodically molt - they shed the upper, dead and worn-out stratum corneum of the skin. Other terrestrial vertebrates – amphibians, birds, mammals – also molt. But in amphibians, only the thinnest layer of skin is shed, and molting is almost unnoticeable from the outside, while in birds and mammals, each feather or each hair falls out individually. Only in reptiles does molting have a comprehensive and, one might say, spectacular character.

When lizards and snakes moult, peeling of the upper horny layers occurs simultaneously throughout the body. This process continues for several days. At first, the animal’s skin becomes cloudy, it becomes inactive and loses its appetite. Then the dead and dried surface layer breaks and falls off the animal’s body. Snakes are especially effective at freeing themselves from shed layers of skin. First, the snake rubs its muzzle against the ground and surrounding objects with its head. After the dead layer bursts on its lips, it tries to catch it on a branch or stone, and when this succeeds, it begins to slowly crawl out of it. The snake crawls forward, and the shed layer of skin, turning inside out, is pulled behind. Under normal conditions, it comes off entirely. Such covers, shed when snakes molt, are called crawls and are not difficult to detect in places where snakes are found. The crawl accurately reproduces the entire structure of the scaly cover, and from it you can not only determine the species of the snake, but even, like fingerprints, find out which particular individual has molted here. In lizards, due to a more complex body structure, the shed stratum corneum cannot come off entirely and breaks off in pieces. In nature, sometimes you can notice an individual running clumsily and seemingly dressed in some kind of rags. This is a lizard in the midst of the molting process. Dangling flaps of exfoliated skin hamper her movements, and she tries in every possible way to speed up the process of liberation: she rips off the “gloves” of dead epidermis from her paws with her jaws, scrapes rags from her head and back with her paws, rubs on the ground, tearing them off her stomach and sides.

In crocodiles and turtles protected by shells, molting is less noticeable - only the upper layers of the horny scutes peel off. Turtles molt the areas of their body that are free from their shell—the head, neck, and paws. Here, molting occurs in the same way as in lizards. Do not assume that the empty shells of turtles that are sometimes found in nature are shed during molting. Unfortunately, no, these are the skeletons of dead animals.

Molting of lizards and snakes is an important phenomenon in their lives. Growth and metabolism are associated with it (during molting, unnecessary substances accumulated in it are also removed from the body). With the shed layers of skin, reptiles also remove ticks that have attached themselves to them (and exotic sea snakes in the same way get rid of annoying hosts - mollusks that grow to their bodies). In many species, molting precedes the mating season. Fast-growing juvenile reptiles shed more often, adult animals - 1-2 times a year, in certain seasons. More frequent and untimely molting indicates poor health of the animal.

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How often do snakes shed their skin?

There are more than two thousand different snakes. They live on land, in water, in trees and are very different from each other. But all snakes, young and old, shed their skin. During this process, even the film covering the eyes is shed, and the skin is turned inside out. The snake rubs against rough surfaces and thus removes its skin. This happens several times a year. The skin of a snake is scaly, which is very important for it. The snake has no legs, although some species, such as boas and pythons, retain underdeveloped hind legs. They are not visible at all, only the claws in the lower part of the body stick out. It is the scales on the skin that give the snake the ability to move gracefully and quickly along the ground. Wide scales on the lower surface of the body are pushed with sharp edges from irregularities on the surface of the earth, and the entire snake moves forward from these pushes.

If a snake needs to crawl quickly, it also resorts to another technique. It consists in the fact that the snake bends in loops, pushes off from stones and plants with which it comes into contact, and slides along a winding path formed by the loops of its body. The snake's closest relatives are other cold-blooded reptiles: lizards, crocodiles and turtles.

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Why do trees shed their leaves in the fall? In winter, the growth of trees and the flow of sap inside the trunk usually slow down. And then the leaves become unnecessary and even harmful. Trees don't have enough sap to nourish them and the leaves can freeze, just like the tree

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The performance characteristics of steel pipes with a square profile are determined both by the material of their manufacture and by the features of their design, which is a closed profile formed from a metal strip. GOST Interstate standard. Bent closed welded square and rectangular steel profiles for building structures. GOST Rolled thin-sheet carbon steel of high-quality and ordinary quality for general purpose.

Technical conditions. GOST Rolled thin sheets of high strength steel. Technical conditions. GOST Rolled products made of high strength steel.

General technical conditions. GOST Hot rolled sheets. Active. GOST Group B INTERSTATE STANDARD. Technical specifications GOST Rolled products made of high-strength steel. General technical conditions GOST Hot-rolled sheet products. GOST assortment Rolled products for building steel structures. Home > Directories > GOST, TU, STO > Pipes > Profile pipes > GOST GOST Download. Bent closed welded square and rectangular steel profiles for building structures.

Technical conditions. Steel bent closed welded square and rectangular section for building. Specifications. GOST Rolled thick sheet carbon steel of ordinary quality. Technical conditions. GOST Machines, instruments and other technical products. Versions for different climatic regions. Categories, operating conditions, storage and transportation in terms of the impact of environmental climatic factors. GOST - Rectangular and square profile pipes.

GOST regulates the basic requirements for the production of closed welded profiles for building structures. The range of steel square pipes includes the main sizes: For a square profile: from 40x40x2 to xx14 mm. Carbon steel for universal use. Low-alloy thick-walled steel (from 3 mm or more), according to specifications. Burr removal from longitudinal seams is carried out from the outside of the structure, the following deviations are allowed: 0.5 mm - with a section of profile walls up to 0.4 cm.

GOST Interstate standard. Bent closed welded square and rectangular steel profiles for building structures. Technical conditions. Steel bent closed welded square and rectangular section for building. Specifications. Date of introduction 1 Scope. Technical specifications GOST Rolled thin sheets of high-strength steel. Technical specifications GOST Rolled products made of high-strength steel.

General technical conditions GOST Hot-rolled sheet products. GOST assortment Rolled products for building steel structures. Profiled pipe GOST, GOST Profile pipes of square, oval and rectangular sections are manufactured according to the assortment.

The range of profile pipes corresponds to: GOST standard - (general purpose profile pipe made of carbon steel); — square — GOST — (square profile pipe); — rectangular — GOST — (profile rectangular pipe); — oval — GOST — (oval profile pipe). Welded profile pipes are used in construction, production of metal structures, mechanical engineering and other industries. GOST profile pipe / Dimensions.

Steel grade. Technical conditions. Designation: GOST Status: valid. Classifier of state standards → Metals and metal products → Ordinary quality carbon steel → Long and shaped rolled products.

All-Russian Classification of Products → Equipment for traffic control, maintenance of agricultural machinery and auxiliary communications equipment, metal building structures → Steel building structures.

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Goose bumps: causes and characteristics of the problem

Many of us have probably had to deal with such sensations when goosebumps seemed to run through our bodies. For example, when we suddenly start to tremble, from fear, or when we hear an unpleasant grinding sound that penetrates to the marrow of our bones. Just at this time, a nervous discharge “runs” under the skin, causing the hairs to rise. There is even an expression: “the hair stood on end.” It is at this moment that the hair follicles rise, forming a pimply relief on the surface, similar in pattern to goose bumps (photo).

Photo from the site: grif.kiev.ua

But this is all physiology. And the bumpy relief immediately goes away as soon as the irritant disappears. And it also happens that the irritant is absent, but the skin still resembles the skin of a bird. This phenomenon is called follicular hyperkeratosis (photo). In this case, goose bumps are localized to some area of the skin and do not go away for a long time.

Photo from the site: womanjour.ru

The appearance of goose bumps in humans is associated with a number of reasons:

Heredity. If one of your relatives suffered from this defect, then in 50% of cases goose bumps may appear on your body. This is not a disease, but simply an individual feature of the keratinization of the skin. Avitaminosis. The cause of goose bumps in this case is a lack or poor absorption of vitamins A, E and C.
Neglect of hygiene rules. Systematic skipping bath procedures, especially during hot and dry periods, can cause goose bumps on the legs. These are the same notorious pimples that form in the area of the interdigital joint. Do you have the same goose bumps on your hands? The reasons are still the same.
Systematic injury to the skin. Do you have a bad habit of sitting with your foot under you? Or do you stay in your chair for hours? Or maybe you constantly lean on your elbows, and your chin is supported by your palm, hidden in the cuff of a woolen sweater for softness? Don’t be surprised if darkened, rough, pimply skin appears in these areas (feet, elbows, buttocks, chin).
Failure of the endocrine system. A lack of thyroid hormones can also lead to the formation of goose bumps, but treatment of the underlying ailment will also relieve the cosmetic defect.
Changing the process of exfoliation of dead skin cells. How is goose bumps formed in this case? With age, when the skin is not so intensely exfoliated, or during the transition period, when the secretory activity of the sebaceous glands is increased, dead keratin scales stick to each other and, as a result, form a pimply skin texture.

There are areas that are most susceptible to the appearance of hyperkeratosis, these are:

Hands.
Legs and feet.
Buttocks.
Face.

The causes of goose bumps on the legs, arms and buttocks, in addition to the above factors, are due to the fact that they are always open to external influences and are subject to the greatest friction (from clothing, or in the case of the buttocks from prolonged sitting). If a defect has formed on the face, then, as a rule, this is a consequence of weathering or improper care.